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Conceptual model – “(In)conspicuous Exploitation”. Credit: Tourism management (2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104857
The UK’s tourism and hospitality industry, which has a high concentration of migrant workers, faces complex challenges in managing risks of labor exploitation and modern slavery, research from the University of Surrey shows.
Possible risk indicators for modern slavery are due to a potentially vulnerable workforce, fragmented franchising, supervision challenges and seasonal/temporary working arrangements.
The researchers introduced the concept of “(in)visible exploiters” to highlight the delicate balance between empowerment (deprivation) and risks and opportunities within these important sectors.
The research identifies three key drivers that put the UK tourism and hospitality industry at risk of labor exploitation and modern slavery:
- Power imbalances are exacerbated by multi-layered recruitment, precarious contracts and scarce opportunities for worker organizing and union standards remaining low.
- Larger hotel chains acknowledge modern slavery and exploitation are risks but need to focus more explicitly on the issue.
- Migrant workers’ insecurities add an additional layer of vulnerability, whereby workers may be reluctant to seek help or assert their rights.
Lead author of the study, Professor Karen Bullock, Professor of Sociology at the University of Surrey, said: “Our research reveals the vulnerabilities of workers in these industries and the potential threats posed by changing employment patterns. This has important implications for policymakers and Employers should take note of these findings in order to make informed decisions and mitigate risks.”
While the UK government acknowledges the importance of combating exploitation, the research highlights underlying institutional dysfunction and governance gaps and argues for a more nuanced understanding of labor issues in domestic supply chains.
Researchers analyzed interview data with industry professionals and stakeholders to uncover the complexities faced by the hospitality industry.
Study co-author Professor MariaLaura Di Domenico, Professor of Entrepreneurship, Work and Organizations at the University of Surrey, said: “Collective action – from policymakers setting regulations to businesses cultivating best practice — can help empower workers and ensure exploitation has no place in the fabric of our society.”
The research also highlights the importance of recognizing and celebrating hotels and other hospitality organizations that adopt exemplary employment practices, which have the potential to become role models for the industry. As consumers become increasingly informed, managers are urged to communicate information on best practice and take proactive steps to minimize potential risks associated with modern slavery and labor exploitation.
Paper published in journal Tourism management.
More information:
K. Bullock et al., Under the Radar? Risks of modern slavery and labor exploitation in the hotel industry, Tourism management (2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104857
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